Since we know that the term sharp means a note is raised a note by one fret (a "semitone"), and it's symbol is (#). While flat means a note is lowered by one fret (a "semitone"), and it's own symbol is (b).
Take a look at the image below and notice the notes along the Low E string. Of course the first note will be the open Low E string which is the thickest string. Moving along the string, the next note is the F note on the first fret. Look below and find the F note. One half step or 1 fret from the F note will be the F# at the second fret. So you have now learned that one half step is 1 fret away from the next note and 1 whole step is two frets away.The F note is one half step away from the F#. Sharps are determined by the notes after a Major note.
And flats are determined by notes before a Major note when counting backwards.
To explain this, we know that the note on the first fret of the sixth string is an F and the note just after F is an F sharp(F#). Alternately, the same note is also one fret below the note G on the third fret, so it can also be referred to as G flat(Gb). You'll see this note referred to as either F# or Gb, so you must be aware that they are the exact same note. This same principle holds true for all other notes on the fretboard.
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